Efficacy analysis of bovine pericardium membrane for horizontal bone augmentation in the aesthetic zone

Objective To investigate the application effect of bovine pericardium in horizontal bone augmentation surgery in the aesthetic area and to assess its clinical feasibility in guided bone regeneration (GBR). Methods This study was approved by the Ethics Committee. A total of 29 patients with anterior tooth loss accompanied by labial bone defects were selected, and horizontal bone augmentation was performed using a bovine pericardium membrane combined with particulate or block bone grafts. Centered on the virtual implant in the preoperative design, labial bone thickness at the implant neck and 1-5 mm below it was measured at different time points: preoperatively (T0), immediately postoperatively (T1), and 6 months postoperatively (T2). The results were used to assess bone regeneration outcomes. Additionally, the visual analog scales (VASs) of postoperative pain and swelling were recorded, and whether any complications such as infection or wound dehiscence occurred were monitored. Results Immediately after surgery, labial bone thickness of all implants significantly increased, with an average increase more than 3 mm. Six months after surgery, the bone augmentation was well maintained. Specifically, labial bone thickness 3-5 mm below the shoulder of the implant was greater than 3 mm. The VAS scores showed that postoperative pain and swelling peaked on the third day and then gradually decreased, with good recovery 10 days after surgery. No complications such as infection or wound dehiscence occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion Bovine pericardium shows good bone augmentation effect and biocompatibility in horizontal bone augmentation in the anterior aesthetic area, and it is suitable for various horizontal bone augmentation surgeries in the aesthetic area.