Research Progress on Cancer Risk and Its Pathogenesis of Gastric Precancerous Conditions

The gastric precancerous conditions includes gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, which is key link in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, and its prevalence is on the rise in China. This paper details the conceptual difference between gastric precancerous conditions and precancerous lesions, identifies the evaluation methods of patients with high risk of carcinogenesis in gastric precancerous conditions from the aspects of endoscopy, pathological histology, and biomarkers, and summarizes the pathogenesis of gastric precancerous conditions. This paper shows that the cancer risk of gastric precancerous conditions is related to various factors such as the degree, range and subtype of lesions. In the microenvironment of gastric mucosa, imbalance and disorder of oxidation and antioxidant effect, energy metabolism, immune homeostasis, cell proliferation and death are the pathogenesis of gastric precancerous conditions. A comprehensive and prudent assessment of the cancer risk of gastric precancerous conditions is needed in clinical practice, thus providing patients with appropriate surveillance and follow-up programs to improve the detection rate of early gastric cancer. This paper can provide powerful evidence-based medical evidence for high-risk screening and prevention measures of gastric precancerous conditions in China, provide a reference for the in-depth development of mechanism research and new drug development.