The Impact of Lifestyle on the Relationship between the Duration of Cardiovascular Metabolic Diseases and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background With the aggravation of population aging, the prevalence of cognitive disfunction is increasing year by year. Cardiovascular metabolic diseases, as an important influencing factor, are closely related to cognitive function. At present, there are few studies on the association between duration of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which lack comprehensive consideration of lifestyle factors and large-scale surveys of elderly people in Chinese communities. The comprehensiveness and reliability of the research need to be further verified. Objective To explore the association between the duration of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and MCI in the elderly, and to evaluate the potential role of lifestyle factors in MCI, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of MCI. Methods The data from Hubei Memory and Aging Cohort Study (HMACS), a cluster sampling method was used to select the elderly aged 65 and over in 3 communities and 48 villages in Dawu County, Wuhan City, Hubei Province from 2018 to 2023. The standardized scale was used to evaluate the cognitive function. Six factors including smoking, drinking, eating habits, physical exercise, intellectual activity and body mass index (BMI) were used for lifestyle assessment to analyze the prevalence of MCI and its influencing factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the duration of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and MCI, the effect of lifestyle on the correlation between the duration of disease and MCI . Results A total of 8 635 subjects were included, and the prevalence of MCI was 26.9%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that among hypertension (OR=1.263, 95%CI=1.093-1.458, P=0.002), diabetes (OR=1.907, 95%CI=1.476-2.463, P<0.001), coronary heart disease (OR=1.550, 95%CI=1.173-2.047, P=0.002), cerebrovascular disease (OR=2.129, 95%CI=1.627-2.786, P<0.001) the duration of illness was influencing factors for MCI in the elderly. Duration of hypertension >10 years (General: OR=1.367, 95%CI=1.086-1.720, P=0.008; Unhealthy: OR=2.377, 95%CI=1.560-3.623, P<0.001), diabetes duration >10 years (General: OR=1.688, 95%CI=1.134-2.514, P=0.010; Unhealthy: OR=2.083, 95%CI=1.035-4.194, P=0.040) duration of coronary heart disease≤10 years (General: OR=1.495, 95%CI=1.030-2.169, P=0.034; Unhealthy: OR=2.062, 95%CI=1.155-3.682, P=0.014), life style was the influencing factor of MCI. In patients with diabetes duration ≤10 years, general lifestyle (OR=1.611, 95%CI=1.065-2.437, P=0.024) was the influencing factor for MCI. Duration of coronary heart disease >10 years (OR=2.859, 95%CI=1.118-7.307, P=0.028), duration of cerebrovascular disease ≤10 years (OR=1.778, 95%CI=1.079-2.930, P=0.024), duration of cerebrovascular disease >10 years (OR=2.589, 95%CI=1.056-6.345, P=0.038), unhealthy lifestyle was the influencing factor for MCI. Conclusion The longer the duration of cardiovascular disease in the elderly, the higher the risk of MCI and the unhealthy lifestyle exacerbates this risk. It is recommended to reduce the incidence of MCI early by improving lifestyle and effectively managing chronic cardiovascular disease.