Strategy for Low-Carbon Economic Operation in Industrial Parks Considering Carbon Flow Demand Response

[Objective] This study proposes a low-carbon economic operation strategy for industrial parks， aiming to accurately account for carbon emissions across all operational processes in distribution networks and clarify carbon responsibility sharing among stakeholders， thereby achieving low-carbon economic operation. [Methods] The proposed strategy involved first calculating the carbon flow distribution within the distribution network at each time interval， applying the proportional-sharing principle based on optimal economic dispatch results， thereby enabling the dynamic evaluation of nodal carbon potential at the park level. Subsequently， an extended carbon emissions trading model was developed incorporating indirect carbon emissions within the existing carbon trading market framework. Finally， smart charging modeling for electric vehicles （EVs） and conventional loads within the park was conducted. A multi-type load demand response method in electricity-carbon coupled markets is proposed， which integrates time-of-use electricity pricing with nodal carbon potential signals. [Results] Case studies conducted using a modified IEEE 33-node system and typical park models on the GAMS platform demonstrate that the proposed strategy yielded substantial carbon reduction benefits. Specifically， Park 1 exhibited only a 1.4% increase in total costs compared with conventional economic dispatch modes， while achieving a 7.1% reduction in indirect carbon emissions during the dispatch period. Furthermore， EV smart charging demonstrates lower dispatch costs and higher flexibility than that of conventional adjustable loads， functioning as generalized energy storage and exhibiting substantial carbon reduction potential. [Conclusions] The proposed strategy offers a dynamic approach to reflect the carbon emission responsibilities of park operations and optimizes load interactions based on carbon intensity signals and time-of-use pricing. It facilitates peak shaving and valley filling， reduces indirect carbon emissions， and ensures low-carbon and cost-effective system operation.