Prognosis and influencing factors of 30 cases of malignant melanoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Objective To investigate the clinical features of malignant melanoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (sinonasal malignant melanoma, SNMM) and its correlation with prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 cases of SNMM treated at the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from July 2010 to March 2024. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used for survival analysis to identify factors affecting patient prognosis.Results Among the 30 patients,15 were males and 15 were females,aged between 38 and 81 years with an average age of 60.37 years.Survival time ranged from 1 to 89 months,with a 1-year survival rate of 81.00%, 3-year survival rate of 54.09%, and 5-year survival rate of 37.86%.The median survival time was 28.13 months. Kaplan-Meier method suggested that age, time from initial symptoms to diagnosis, primary tumor site, orbital involvement, Ki-67 expression levels, tumor staging and treatment were associated with survival rates.Tumor staging was identified as an independent factor affecting the survival rate in SNMM patients. Conclusion SNMM has high malignancy and poor prognosis, with regular postoperative followup being critical to improving survival rates. Current treatment mainly consists of a combination of surgery,postoperative radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy and biotherapy.