Water-salt exchange process modeling in arable land: A case study from Sirdarya province, Uzbekistan

Irrigated agriculture plays a crucial role in the Aral Sea basin, accounting for more than 90% of total water intake in the region. The productivity of agro-ecosystems in different natural and climatic conditions depends on moisture resources, soil fertility, and applied agrotechnics. To optimize water use and predict agro-ecosystem productivity, computer technology is being introduced as a tool for rapid calculation of physical processes in the "soil-water-plant" system. The increasing limitation of water resources necessitates science-based methods for predicting changes in humidity, considering applied agrotechnical and reclamation measures. The accurate prediction of moisture dynamics in irrigated areas is essential for preventing irrigation water shortages and droughts. Therefore, international efforts are focused on developing and implementing water-saving technologies in irrigated agriculture. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, there is a strong commitment to the development and implementation of water-saving technologies. This includes the use of advanced irrigation techniques, such as drip irrigation and precision irrigation, as well as the adoption of drought-resistant crop varieties. These efforts aim to optimize water use efficiency, improve agricultural productivity, and mitigate the impact of water scarcity in the region. By integrating computer technology and advanced irrigation techniques, Uzbekistan and other countries in the Aral Sea basin can enhance their ability to manage water resources effectively, ensuring sustainable agricultural practices and food security in the region.