Landscape Design Criteria for Children with Special Needs

Play-based learning is essential for children's cognitive, social, physical, and sensory development, particularly in natural environments. However, there is a global shortage of inclusive playgrounds despite nearly one billion individuals living with disabilities. This gap arises from the lack of prioritisation in landscape design and the absence of clear development criteria. This study analyzes all-inclusive playgrounds to establish comprehensive design principles that integrate the needs of children with disabilities into landscape architecture. Key principles such as accessibility, visual continuity, and sensory engagement are emphasized to translate these needs into practical design solutions. By addressing these factors, this research advances the development of inclusive playgrounds, ensuring equitable and meaningful play experiences for all children.