Evaluating the Effectiveness of Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparison of Microinverters and Conventional Non-Optimized Solutions

Photovoltaic systems are crucial for renewable energy, and comparing microinverters and central inverters helps optimize their performance and cost. This study compared the profitability and efficiency of photovoltaic systems with microinverters and central inverters in Villanueva, Honduras. Over seven days of analysis, the performance of both systems was evaluated in terms of energy production, costs, and operational efficiency. The results showed that the system with microinverters demonstrated an advantage in energy efficiency, especially in conditions of solar irradiance variability, such as on days with partial shading or panel imbalance, as each panel operates independently. This allowed the microinverter system to maximize its performance, even in less-than-ideal situations. On the other hand, the central inverter system provided greater operational stability under homogeneous conditions, and its lower initial cost makes it an attractive option for projects with tighter budgets. Both systems have advantages and limitations that should be considered according to the specific needs of the project. While microinverters are ideal for locations with variable irradiance conditions or small spaces, central inverters can be a more economical and efficient solution for large installations with fewer irradiance discrepancies. This study provides valuable information for making informed decisions about which photovoltaic system to use based on local conditions and project goals in Honduras.