Role of Non-Black earth swamps in Russia's ecosystem

The relevance of researching wetland communities in anthropogenically transformed landscapes stems from the establishment and maintenance of a biomonitoring database for vulnerable and ecologically significant native ecosystems within the ecological-biological framework. Data on biodiversity and resilience are presented for seven semi-natural wetland systems, along with an assessment of their stability. The aim of this study is to present biomonitoring data on a complex of different wetland types in the long-developed Bryansk region to support the development of ecological framework elements and maintain the homeostasis of anthropogenically altered territories. Field survey, floristic, geobotanical, and ecological research methods were employed. The key factors influencing cenotic diversity in wetlands were identified as water mineralization and moisture variability. A rare raised bog type for the region—the Semenovskoe Bog (Rognedinsky District, Bryansk Oblast)— was examined. The highest Simpson diversity index was recorded in wetland areas dominated by woody, woody-herbaceous, and woody-moss communities, particularly in the Petrovskoe and Galoe bogs. In contrast, the Glazhenka Bog exhibited the lowest biodiversity indicators due to significant alterations in its hydrological regime and limited area. The Semenovskoe Bog, a protected natural site with raised wetland communities, displayed low diversity values: its unique ecological conditions, characterized by a highly acidic environment, limit floristic diversity (particularly vascular plants) while preserving critical habitats. The disturbance index (Id) indicated that all studied wetlands experience minor anthropogenic pressure and can be classified as conditionally pristine, non-exploited geoecosystems.