Assessment of ship collision risk based on the recorded accident cases: Structural damage and environmental recovery

Transportation is vital due to its capability to transport cargo and people massively. However, if maritime accidents take place, they may cause a significant impact not only on the economy and lives lost but also on the environment. This review paper provides a summary of research and reports on marine accidents, including the inclusion of ship type effects, types of accident events, and the accident consequences, especially to the marine environment. The paper covers global accident data, accident reports from various global accident investigation authorities, and the investigation results. Overall, this study aims to highlight the global tendency of marine accidents and how the accident affects the surrounding site's environmental condition. Additionally, the regulations and activities for environmental recovery are elaborated to tackle the damage caused by the ship accident. The contribution of this review is expected to provide a broader view of the maritime casualties and the effects on the marine environment and the regulations to overcome the damaged ecosystem.