Intercellular Ion-Gradient\nPiezoheterogated Biphasic\nGel for Ultrahigh Iontronic Generation

Piezoionic materials have attracted considerable attention\nfor\ntheir ability to generate iontronic signals or power in response to\nstress stimuli. However, the limited intrinsic transport distinction\nbetween cations and anions within most ionic materials results in\nweakened iontronic power conversion efficiencies under stress fields.\nHere, we report a piezoheterogated biphasic gel for ultrahigh iontronic\ngeneration, characterized by high-internal microphase heterointerfaces\nthat facilitate the distinct transport of various ion species. Due\nto the ion confinement effect of cell-like multicompartments, a stable\nintercellular ion gradient within biphasic gel systems can be established\nin situ, constructing the chemical potential to further enhance ionic\ntransmission efficiency and obtain a high-density net ion flux in\nthe piezoionic process. Consequently, as a reliable piezo cell, a\nrecord maximum power of 150 W/m<sup>3</sup> over 24 h can be realized.\nMeanwhile, we develop piezoionic devices that can interface with paralyzed\nvagus nerves and successfully regulate the blood pressure of rodents\nthrough their neuromodulation. By matching the ion species with heterointerface\ngating effects to regulate the ionic transmission efficiency, the\npiezo signal neuromodulation process can be further governed. We anticipate\nthat the bioinspired heterointerface engineering strategy can provide\nnew insights into designing high-performance piezoionic systems for\npromising abiotic–biotic applications.