An Invisible Dermal\nNanotattoo-Based Smart Wearable\nSensor for eDiagnostics of Jaundice

Despite substantial progress in the diagnosis of jaundice/hyperbilirubinemia\nas the most common disease and cause of hospitalization of newborns,\non the eve of Industry/Healthcare 5.0, the development of accurate\nand reliable wearable diagnostic sensors for noninvasive smart monitoring\nof bilirubin (BIL) is still in high demand. Aiming to fabricate a\nsmart wearable sensor for early diagnosis of neonatal jaundice and\nits therapeutic monitoring, we here report a fluorescent dermal nanotattoo\nthat further coupled with an IoT-integrated wearable optoelectronic\nreader for minimally invasive, continuous, and real-time monitoring\nof BIL in interstitial fluid. Selective recovery of quenched fluorescence\nof the dermal tattoo sensor, composed of biocompatible dissolving/hydrogel\nmicroneedles loaded with fluorescent carbon quantum dots, upon blue\nlight exposure used for jaundice phototherapy was utilized for highly\nselective BIL sensing. The fascinating features of our developed smart\nwearable tattoo sensor and its successful results with high correlation\nwith blood BIL results make it a highly promising sensor for easy,\nminimally invasive, reliable, and smart eDiagnostics and continuous\ntherapeutic eMonitoring of jaundice and other BIL-induced diseases\nat the point of care. We envision that the developed nanotattoo sensing\nbioplatform will inspire the development of future smart tattoo sensors\nin various diagnostic and monitoring scenarios.