Bacteriophage-like\nNanobiocatalysts with Spiky Topography\nand Dual-Atom Sites for Treating Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Overuse of antibiotics leads to the proliferation of\ndrug-resistant\nbacterial strains, worsening global morbidity, and mortality rates.\nBioinspired nanomaterials present a promising avenue for developing\nnonantibiotic strategies against drug-resistant bacteria. Here, we\nengineer a bacteriophage-inspired artificial nanobiocatalyst via nonstoichiometric\nW<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49</sub> that features a spiky topography and\nsynergistic dual-atom sites for combating drug-resistant bacterial\ninfection. Benefiting from the strong interaction within the synergistic\nFe–O–Mo sites, the synthesized spiky artificial nanobiocatalyst\nexhibits superior reactive oxygen species (ROS)-catalytic activity,\nattributed to the regulated adsorption affinity between the reaction\nintermediates and catalytic sites. The experimental and theoretical\ninvestigations demonstrate that the bioinspired biocatalyst can effectively\ncapture and kill bacteria through its spiky morphology and potent\nROS-catalytic activity, which can enable a significant reduction in\nbacterial viability through downregulating genes associated with biosynthesis,\ncellular maintenance, and respiration. In vivo experiments demonstrate\nthat the spiky artificial biocatalyst accelerates the reconstruction\nof drug-resistant bacteria-infected skin wounds in rabbits, exhibiting\nefficacy comparable to that of vancomycin. It is expected that this\nbioinspired study on spiky artificial nanobiocatalysts offers a straightforward\npath to facilitate the development of both bionic and nonantibiotic\ndisinfection strategies.