Decoupling\nIon-Electron Transport in Thick Solid-State\nBattery Electrodes

Thick electrode architecture, promising better energy\nstorage performance\nin solid-state batteries (SSBs), requires an optimized ion permeation\nnetwork design. Unfortunately, ignoring the complex ion-electron coupling,\nthe single ion diffusion optimized array electrodes have an unbalanced\nenergy/power density issue. Hence, a vascularized electrode with a\nhomogeneous electronic/ionic transport network is proposed. By decoupling\nthe ion-electron transport process, a multifactor correlated thick\nelectrode design criterion is established. The competitive effects\nof space and mass of the active/inactive components are considered\nfor architecture optimization and performance improvement. The optimized\nLiFeO<sub>4</sub> (LFP) electrode ensures high-rate operation at ultrahigh\nareal capacity, achieving power densities exceeding 1600 W kg<sup>–1</sup>. The solid-state pouch cells exhibit long-term cyclability,\nproviding high energy/power density (approximately 200 Wh kg<sup>–1</sup>, 687 W kg<sup>–1</sup>) and thermal/mechanical tolerance.\nFurthermore, bipolar stacking enables pouch cells to have a high voltage\nand volumetric energy density. This work lays a solid foundation for\nthe commercial application of thick electrodes, illuminating the future\nof industrial solid-state batteries.