Weavable,\nReconfigurable Triboelectric Ferrofluid\nFiber for Early Warning

As\ncommunication technologies have become omnipresent, the prevalence\nof electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures poses possible health risks,\nparticularly to vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. In response,\nwe introduce a triboelectric ferrofluid fiber (TFF) that moves in\nresponse to EMF, thereby generating charge in a way that is self-powered.\nThe TFF is flexible, stretchable (470%), and can be woven into fabrics.\nThe TFF utilizes a soft-contact (ferrofluid-silicon rubber fiber)\ntriboelectric core layer to enhance its sensitivity to EMF, enabling\nit to detect even minor electromagnetic fluctuations, such as those\nfrom cell phone typing. By integrating hydrogel electrodes that offer\nconductivity and minimal electromagnetic interference shielding, the\nTFF’s sensitivity to magnetic fields is further amplified.\nMoreover, its open-circuit voltage output is increased by 50% compared\nto the conventional electrodes. Building on this technology, we designed\na smart fabric for environmental early warning and potential real-time\npulse monitoring, specifically tailored for the safety and healthcare\nneeds of vulnerable groups. Finally, we developed a sensing and communication\napparel (SCA) by integrating TFF into the apparel and exploring its\ncapabilities in a wireless transmission of warning signals and long-distance\nNFC functionality.