Hierarchically Nano-Decorated\nPoly(lactic acid) Nanofibers\nfor Humidity-Resistant Respiratory Healthcare and High-Accuracy Disease\nDiagnosis

The application of biodegradable and eco-friendly poly(lactic\nacid)\n(PLA) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) toward respiratory healthcare has\nlong been thwarted by the poor electroactivity and low surface activity\nof PLA. Herein, we unravel a microwave-assisted route to fabricate\nrod-like ZnO nanodielectrics, which were decorated with dopamine (ZnO@PDA)\nand anchored at the PLA nanofibers via an electrospinning–electrospray\napproach. The PLA/ZnO@PDA NFMs featured a substantially elevated specific\nsurface area (up to 20.7 m<sup>2</sup>/g), increased dielectric constant\n(nearly 1.8) and a surface potential as high as 9.5 kV, resulting\nin superior air filtering performance (99.45% for PM<sub>0.3</sub>, 94.1 Pa, 32 L/min) compared with the pure PLA counterpart (90.04%,\n169.0 Pa, 32 L/min). The notably increased electroactivity endowed\nthe PLA/ZnO@PDA NFMs with significant improvements in triboelectric\nproperties (output voltage of 11.5 V at 10 N, 0.5 Hz), laying down\nthe cornerstone for self-powered monitoring of personal respiration.\nMore importantly, a deep learning-assisted diagnostic system was developed\nbased on respiration-driven signal patterns, enabling intelligent\nand real-time disease diagnosis with 100% accuracy for the protective\nmembranes. The proposed hierarchical nanodecoration strategy opens\nup new possibilities for engendering eco-friendly nanofibers with\nan exceptional combination of efficient respiratory healthcare and\nintelligent diagnosis.