Sunlight-Driven Rechargeable Antibacterial and Antiviral\nHelical-Encapsulated Nanofiber Air Filtration Composite Membranes\nwith Ultralong Storage Stability

Most\npersonal protective equipment is absent of adequate antibacterial\nand antiviral activity and sufficient storage stability. This limits\nthe effectiveness in preventing the spread and infection of emerging\ninfectious diseases (EIDs). In this study, we report a multifunctional\nhelical encapsulated nanofiber composite membrane (HENM) with ultralong\nphotoactive storage capability as well as rechargeable antibacterial\nand antiviral activities. HENM rapidly releases reactive oxygen species\n(ROS) under both light and dark conditions and can be stored for a\nlonger period. This ensures the pharmacological stability of the photoactive\nagent and thus provides an “ultralong standby” killing\nfunction. The resultant HENM demonstrated long-term photoactive storage\n(>5 months), stable ROS release, high encapsulation efficiency\n(95.62%),\nand rapid charging rate (<sup>•</sup>OH 288.35 and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> 8.86 μg/(g·min)). Moreover, its particle\ninterception and antibacterial and antiviral efficacy reach >99.99%,\n>99.99%, and >99.97% respectively. This HENM enables the function\nas a scalable biocidal layer for protective equipment, facilitating\ncontact killing of pathogens in both aerosol and liquid forms. The\nsuccessful synthesis of these fascinating HENMs provides ideas for\ndeveloping sustainable protective materials with ultralong light-active\nstorage, air filtration, self-charging capability, and adaptive forms.