Microneedle Electrode\nPatch Modified with Graphene\nOxide and Carbon Nanotubes for Continuous Uric Acid Monitoring and\nDiet Management in Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia\nis a common disorder induced by purine metabolic\nabnormality, which will further cause chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular\ndisease, and gout. Its main pathological characteristic is the high\nuric acid (UA) level in the blood, so that the detection of UA is\nhighly important for hyperuricemia diagnosis and therapy. Herein,\nwe report a biocompatible and minimally invasive microneedle electrode\npatch (MEP) for continuous UA monitoring and diet management in hyperuricemia.\nThe composite of graphene oxide and carboxylated multiwalled carbon\nnanotubes was modified on the microneedle electrode surface to enhance\nits sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, thus realizing the continuous\ndetection of UA in the interstitial fluid to accurately predict the\nUA level in the blood. This further allowed us to study the hypouricemic\neffect of anthocyanins on the hyperuricemia model mouse. It was found\nthat anthocyanins extracted from blueberry can effectively inhibit\nthe activity of xanthine oxidase to reduce the production of UA. The\nUA level of hyperuricemia model mice fed with anthocyanins is ∼1.7\nfold lower than that of the control group. We believe that this MEP\noffers enormous promise for continuous UA monitoring and diet management\nin hyperuricemia.