Antibiotic-Augmented\nChemodynamic Therapy for Treatment\nof <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in the Dynamic Stomach\nEnvironment

<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is one\nof the main causes of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer.\nThe overuse of antibiotics leads to bacterial drug resistance and\ndisruption to the gut microbiome. Herein, a nanoparticle (TA-FeHMSN@Amox)\nwas developed, comprising amoxicillin (Amox)-loaded iron-engineered\nhollow mesoporous silica as the core and a metal–polyphenol\nshell formed by tannic acid (TA) and Fe<sup>3+</sup>. In acidic stomach\nconditions, TA-FeHMSN@Amox generates bactericidal <b>·</b>OH through Fenton/Fenton-like reactions of the degraded product Fe<sup>2+</sup> and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) at the\ninfection site, achieving chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, released\namoxicillin enhances therapeutic efficacy by impeding the self-repair\nof the bacterial cell wall damaged by CDT, overcoming the limitations\nof ineffective CDT under conditions lacking sufficient acidity and\nH<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The acidity-responsive CDT combined with\n reduced antibiotic usage ensures superior <i>in vivo</i> therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility with intestinal flora,\nproviding a highly potent strategy for treating <i>H. pylori</i> infections in the dynamic stomach environment.