Simulationand Measurement of Stray Fields for theManipulation of Spin Qubits in One- and Two-Dimensional Arrays

The inhomogeneous magnetic stray field of micromagnets has been extensively used to manipulate electron spin qubits. By means of micromagnetic simulations and scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy, we show that the polycrystallinity of the magnet and nonuniform magnetization significantly impact the stray field and corresponding qubit properties. The random orientation of the crystal axis in polycrystalline Co magnets alters the qubit frequencies by up to 0.5 GHz, compromising single qubit addressability and single gate fidelities. We map the stray field of Fe micromagnets with an applied magnetic field of up to 500 mT, finding field gradients above 1 mT/nm. The measured gradients and the lower magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe demonstrate the advantage of using Fe instead of Co as magnets in spin qubit devices. These properties of Fe also enabled us to design a 2D arrangement of nanomagnets for driving spin qubits distributed on a 2D lattice.