Mapping the Global\nCarbon Emissions of Marine Sectors

The ocean serves as a vital ecosystem for sustaining\nlife on earth\nand ensuring human well-being. Presently, there is a significant surge\nin global demand for various ocean-based economic activities, including\nfishing, shipping, offshore wind energy production, maritime tourism,\nand so on. However, this growth has also resulted in an increase in\nemissions from marine sectors, which have not been thoroughly evaluated\nor analyzed. It is therefore necessary to conduct comprehensive evaluations\nof the current emissions, covering marine sectors. To address this\nneed, through this Perspective, we have globally analyzed and discussed\ncarbon emissions linked to maritime transportation, marine capture\nfisheries, marine aquaculture, offshore wind, ocean renewables, and\ncrude oil production. Additionally, we explored country-specific scales\nfor these emissions and discussed points for future research to address\nthe existing gaps. By gaining a better understanding of emissions\nover the oceans, policymakers could prioritize policy measures for\nachieving emission reduction goals and promote sustainable ocean development.