Ga-Based Ga<sub>@</sub>In<sub>4</sub>Ag<sub>9</sub>/Cu for CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction\nto CO in a Three-Chamber\nElectrolyzer: With NaOH and Cl<sub>2</sub> as Byproducts

Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>RR)\nusing renewable\nenergy offers a sustainable approach for generating valuable chemicals.\nIn this study, a three-chamber electrolyzer was utilized for the direct\ncoproduction of CO, Cl<sub>2</sub>, and NaOH from CO<sub>2</sub> and\nNaCl electrolysis, contributing to net CO<sub>2</sub> consumption\nand supporting industries like phosgene synthesis. To improve the\nelectrolyzer performance, a Ga-based metal composite catalyst (Ga<sub>@</sub>In<sub>4</sub>Ag<sub>9</sub>/Cu) was developed. This catalyst\nefficiently reduced CO<sub>2</sub> to CO during long-term electrolysis,\nachieving a CO partial current density of 147.16 mA·cm<sup>–2</sup> and a faradaic efficiency of 93.1% at −2.4 V (vs SHE). Density\nfunctional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that Ag atoms modulate\nthe d-band center of Ga<sub>@</sub>In<sub>4</sub>Ag<sub>9</sub>/Cu,\nenhancing its interaction with the reaction intermediates. This work\nintroduces a Ga-based porous catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis\nin organic electrolytes, offering a promising system for the coproduction\nof CO, Cl<sub>2</sub>, and NaOH through a coupled reaction.