Enteromorpha prolifera Polysaccharide Alleviates\nAcute Alcoholic Liver Injury in C57 BL/6\nMice through the Gut–Liver\nAxis and NF-κB Pathway

Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharide\n(EP2) protection against acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) in mice\nwas investigated. By integration of physiological indicators, gut\nmicrobiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the mechanism of\nEP2 in alleviating AALI was disclosed. The results showed that EP2\nsignificantly ameliorated alcohol-induced abnormal transaminase activities,\nliver and intestinal systemic inflammation, and intestinal environmental\ndisorders. EP2 significantly reduces liver and serum LPS contents\nby 1.69-fold and 1.54-fold. Furthermore, inhibition of the NF-κB\nsignaling pathway by EP2 reduced the production of proinflammatory\ncytokines such as TNF-α (1.83-fold), IL-6 (11.09-fold), and\nIL-1β (1.99-fold). EP2 restored SCFAs to normal levels by upregulating\nthe abundance of beneficial bacteria (<i>Colidextribacter</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, <i>unclassified_Lachnospiraceae</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>). The alleviation of AALI by EP2\noccurs through protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier and reduction\nof LPS permeating in serum. The decrease in LPS inactivates the NF-κB\nsignaling pathway and prevents inflammation. In short, EP2 regulates\nthe gut–liver axis and inflammation, alleviating effects in\nAALI mice.