Co-exposure with\nCopper Alters the Uptake, Accumulation,\nSubcellular Distribution, and Biotransformation of Organophosphate\nTriesters in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)

This study investigated the uptake\npathways, acropetal translocation,\nsubcellular distribution, and biotransformation of OPEs by rice (Oryza sativa L.) after Cu exposure. The symplastic\npathway was noted as the major pathway for the uptake of organophosphate\ntriesters (tri-OPEs) and diesters (di-OPEs) by rice roots. Cu exposure\nenhanced the accumulation of tri-OPEs in rice roots, and such enhancement\nwas positively correlated with Cu concentrations, attributing to the\nCu-induced root damage. The hydrophilic Cl-OPEs in the cell-soluble\nfraction of rice tissues were enhanced after Cu exposure, while the\nsubcellular distributions of alkyl- and aryl-OPEs were not affected\nby Cu exposure. Significantly higher biotransformation rates of tri-OPEs\nto di-OPEs occurred in leaves, followed by those in stems and roots.\nOur study reveals the mechanisms associated with the uptake, translocation,\nand biotransformation of various OPEs in rice after Cu exposure, which\nprovides new insights regarding the phytoremediation of soils cocontaminated\nwith heavy metal and OPEs.