Performance of\nan All-Aqueous Thermally Regenerative\nFlow Battery Using CNT/Carbon Cloth Composite Electrodes

All-aqueous thermally regenerative battery (ATRB) is\na promising\nelectrochemical device for converting low-grade waste heat into electrical\nenergy, while the low specific surface area of electrodes limits its\nperformance. To improve the performance, the carbon nanotube/carbon\ncloth (CNT/CC) composite electrode with a highly specific surface\narea is proposed for ATRB in this study. The use of the CNT/CC composite\nelectrodes induces a 37.4% higher maximum power density of ATRB (409.6\nW/m<sup>2</sup>) compared with that of ATRB with the carbon cloth\n(CC) electrodes. The optimal CNT loading amount is determined to further\nenhance ATRB performance. Increasing the flow rate helps facilitate\nmass transfer, the optimal flow rate (50 mL/min) is selected considering\nthe influence of the hydrodynamic loss. Concerning the expend application,\na series stack of ATRB is constructed to successfully drive an electrochemical\nCO<sub>2</sub> reduction device, resulting in a comparable Faraday\nefficiency for the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO.