Mechanisms of basic blue-3 dye sorption by Ailanthus excelsa Roxb (William Roxburgh): Insights into environmental remediation

Dye-consuming industries such as printing and textile in Jaipur use significant water and release the dye into water bodies, leading to water pollution and altered environmental conditions. To address the issue, various techniques like ion exchange, electrocoagulation, sorption, advanced oxidation, membrane separation, and reverse osmosis have been implemented. Among these, the sorption technique is the most efficient due to its cost-effectiveness and superior reusability. The sorption of Basic Blue-3 (BB3) dye using Ailanthus Excelsa Roxb was conducted in batch mode, examining various parameters such as temperature, pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent amount, and contact time. Isotherm and kinetics studies were performed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The optimal results indicated that approximately 72% of the dye was removed at pH 9, with a contact time of 150 minutes and an initial dye concentration of 50 ppm. Characterization of the adsorbent was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing a monolayer adsorption capacity of 21.92 mg/gm. The dye adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, as indicated by the correlation coefficient. Thermodynamic evaluations showed that the process is feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous. Ailanthus Excelsa Roxb can be effectively utilized for dye sorption under these experimental conditions in a cost-effective and eco-friendly manner.