The third-quarter time phenomenon: State of research, findings, and perspectives in isolated, confined, and extreme environments

The Third-Quarter Time (TQT) phenomenon is a psychological and physical state observed in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments, emerging during the third quarter of long-duration missions. Characterized by mood swings, anxiety, and interpersonal tensions, TQT remains underexplored despite consistent reports from polar research and space missions. To address this, the PAHPA ICE program, supported by ESA and IPEV, is conducting multidisciplinary research at Concordia Station using a Mixed Methods framework. By combining physiological, psychological, and qualitative data, PAHPA ICE aims to identify the factors contributing to TQT and improve adaptation strategies for extreme environments. Insights gained from Concordia are expected to enhance well-being and resilience, not only for polar missions but also for space exploration and submarine deployments.