Chemical and Biological Properties of <i>Hymenaea courbaril</i> L.: A Review

Hymenaea courbaril L., commonly known as jatobá, is a plant traditionally used by native populations for medicinal purposes, in addition to providing edible fruits and durable wood for construction. In Brazilian traditional medicine, products from this species are employed to treat wounds, inflammations, bacterial infections, rheumatism, anemia, respiratory and gastric disorders, bronchitis, and prostate conditions. This review aimed to summarize the phytochemical composition and biological activities of H. courbaril L., establishing a foundation for future studies. The species is rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenes, phenols, and coumarins present in its leaves, fruits, bark, and resin. Scientifically validated bioactivities include antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, muscle-relaxant, and antiproliferative effects. Low acute toxicity has been demonstrated in in vivo assays. Despite these promising results, gaps remain regarding its chemical characterization, medicinal, and nutraceutical potential. This review highlights the need for further research to validate traditional uses, ensure safe applications, and explore new therapeutic prospects.