Exercise mitigates high-fat diet-induced cardiac dysfunction via APOE genotype- and immune-dependent mechanisms: A photon-counting CT study in adult mice

Voluntary exercise can partially rescue cardiac dysfunction induced by high-fat diet in adult APOE-targeted replacement mice, with benefits modulated by genotype, sex, and HN status. APOE4 and HN mice benefitted most from exercise. Contrast-enhanced PCCT combined with deep learning segmentation enables scalable, minimally invasive cardiac phenotyping and reveals interaction effects that are critical for designing precision lifestyle interventions in genetically at-risk populations.