Comments/clarifications to the publication by Xin et al. (2025)

Xin et al. (2025) try to apply New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for hazard identification and risk assessment using DINCH (cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester, CAS Reg No 166412-78-8) as a model substance. However, because in vivo data already demonstrate that DINCH is not genotoxic, hepatotoxic or carcinogenic, the conclusions drawn by the authors demonstrate that these new approaches can lead to misinterpretations. Network toxicology and molecular docking studies may have a place in toxicology but using them to assess hazard and risk requires care.