Temporal patterns of suicidal ideation prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on SI was dynamic. While no significant prevalence change was found between pre- and post-pandemic periods, a significant increase occurred as the crisis progressed. This deteriorating trend was more pronounced in adolescents, identifying them as a key vulnerable group. Methodologically, findings were moderated by the measurement instrument, study quality and sample size, with evidence suggesting potential small-study effects. These findings underscore the need for robust mental health surveillance and targeted interventions for at-risk populations during prolonged public health crises.The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024603151).