Assembling Charcoal Briquettes Made From Kempas Wood Planks, Rice Husk and Coconut Shell As Environmentally Friendly Fuel

This study aims to characterize and compare the physicochemical properties of bio-briquettes produced from three distinct lignocellulosic wastes kempas wood planks, rice husks, and coconut shells. A comprehensive analysis of their proximate composition, calorific value, and mechanical durability is essential to evaluate their potential as sustainable solid fuels. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate and contrast the fundamental physicochemical properties, including proximate and ultimate analysis, density, and heating value, of briquettes manufactured from kempas wood planks, rice husks, and coconut shells. The proximate analysis of the briquettes was conducted to determine their moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content in accordance with SNI 01-6235-2000 standards. Furthermore, the calorific value was measured using a bomb calorimeter to evaluate their energy potential. The results indicate significant disparities in the properties of the three briquette types. Coconut shell and kempas wood planks briquettes exhibited a superior calorific value and a higher fixed carbon content, whereas rice husk briquettes demonstrated an elevated ash yield, which could potentially lead to slagging issues during combustion.Value of charcoal briquette moisture content in this study ranged from 2.94–5.44%, ash content of 1.02–32.76%, volatille matter 11.95–30.91%, fixed carbon of 36.33–80.60%, calorific value 3214.33–6505.00 cal/gr, density 0.51–0.88 gr/cm3, and compressive strength 0.82–1.91 MPa. Overall the addition of the amount of water in the three types of charcoal briquettes in this study significantly affect (P<0.05). The results of the FTIR indicate the presence of aromatic bonds C=C as well as the O-H group of phenolic compounds that have an important role in strengthening the structure of the briquette, while SEM shows the morphology of the structure of charcoal briquettes kempas wood planks, rice husk and coconut shell have pores shaped like cylindrical tubes throughout the surface area.