Ultrasonographic Assessment of First Trimester Fetal Outcomes in Cases of Pregnancy subsequent To Abortion

Background: Ultrasonographic assessment of yolk sac shape and size, gestational sac size, and embryonic heart rate in the first trimester can be a valuable tool in the prediction of pregnancy outcome in cases of a second pregnancy after abortion. Aim: To assess fetal outcomes of 1st trimester by ultrasound till 14 weeks of gestation by studying yolk sac shape and size, gestational sac size, embryonic heart rate, and Crown-Rump length in cases of pregnancy subsequent to abortion. Methods: This prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department at Al-Zahraa University Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 and performed on a total of 70 pregnant women who presented in the first trimester of pregnancy. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the Crown Rump Length (CRL) in the control group at 6weeks of gestational age and the mean gestational sac size at 12 weeks of gestation. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that gestational sac diameter at 6 and 12 weeks had significant diagnostic accuracy in predicting pregnancy outcomes. Similarly, yolk sac diameter at 9 weeks and CRL at 12 weeks also showed significant prognostic value. EHR did not show statistically significant predictive value for pregnancy outcome at any gestational age in our study. Conclusions: Ultrasound has a crucial role in the assessment and follow-up of first-trimester fetal outcomes in cases of pregnancy subsequent to abortion. Gestational Sac Diameter has significant diagnostic accuracy for predicting miscarriage (1.825 cm) at 6 weeks of gestation and (4.15 cm ) at 12 weeks of gestation. Yolk Sac Diameter has significant diagnostic accuracy for predicting miscarriage (4.25 mm ) at 9 weeks of gestation. Crown Rump Length has significant diagnostic accuracy for predicting miscarriage (3.15 cm) at 12 weeks of gestation.