Evaluation of Serum Pancreatic Amylase and Lipase in Children and Adolescents at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Among the top ten major causes of death globally is diabetes mellitus (DM). Hyperglycemia, an aberrant physiological state characterized by consistently elevated blood glucose levels, is a hallmark of this complex metabolic disease. Hyperglycemia is brought on by anomalies in the secretion, activity, or combination of the two of insulin. It manifests as a variety of persistent dysfunctions in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.Aim and objectives: To determine how much pancreatic lipase and amylase are present in the serum of kids and teenagers who could get type 1 diabetes. Patients and methods: The pediatric department of the Al-Hussein and Bab El-Sharia University Hospitals in Cairo, Egypt, was the site of this case-control study. Between December 2022 and December 2023, 75 participants participated in the trial. Results: There is a link between islet cell destruction by autoantibodies and the level of serum pancreatic lipase and amylase. Selective destruction of islet cells can extend to other exocrine pancreatic functions and affect the level of serum lipase and amylase. Conclusion: Significant reduction in pancreatic lipase and pancreatic amylase in children with T1DM may be due to progressive atrophic changes of the exocrine pancreas as a result of T1DM. Examining pancreatic enzymes could provide valuable insights into the duration of diabetes and the underlying physiological processes.