Comparative Analysis of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Catheter-Associated and Non-Catheterized Urinary Tract Infections

Background: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a prevalent health issue worldwide, with Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) presenting significant challenges due to biofilm formation. Biofilms provide a protective environment that enhances bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response, contributing to infection persistence and recurrence.Objective: To compare the biofilm-forming capacity and antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in CAUTIs and non-catheterized UTIs.Patients and Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted at Alhussein University Hospital. One hundred urine samples were collected from patients with symptoms of UTIs, divided into two groups: 50 patients with indwelling urinary catheters and 50 non-catheterized patients. Biofilm formation was assessed using the Tube Adherence and Congo Red Agar methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: A higher percentage of uropathogens from CAUTIs formed biofilms than those from non-catheterized UTIs was detected. Biofilm-forming uropathogens exhibited more excellent resistance to antibiotics, with significant differences observed in resistance patterns between the two groups.Conclusion: Uropathogenic biofilm formation significantly impacts the treatment and management of UTIs, particularly in patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Strategies to prevent biofilm formation and address antibiotic resistance are crucial for improving patient outcomes.