The prognostic values of hematological parameters and immune response markers in bladder cancer before treatment

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cancer in the world and the most common cancer in the urinary tract. If you smoke, are exposed to toxins at work, or live in an area with pollution, your risk may go up. Hematological measurements and immune response markers might be used to predict the future. Objective: This study evaluated demographic risk factors, hematological changes (Hb%, RBC, WBC, platelets), and immune markers IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in BC patients compared to healthy controls. Methods: The study looked at 65 patients with cancer and 25 people without cancer. Hematological and immunological values in the blood were studied using conventional laboratory techniques. We used SPSS, MedCalc, and Excel for statistical analysis. Results: Significant differences were observed in smoking status (53.85% patients vs. 32% controls, p=0.04), occupation (p=0.017), and BMI (p<0.001). BC patients had lower Hb% (8.57±1.64 vs. 13.40±1.68, p<0.001), RBC (3.97±0.71 vs. 4.35±0.64, p=0.023), and WBC (6.20±2.58 vs. 7.54±1.39, p=0.016) but higher platelets (303.31±77.05 vs. 245.12±68.41, p=0.001). Immune markers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were significantly elevated in patients (all p<0.05). Conclusion: Hematological and immunological alterations are strongly associated with BC, highlighting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools.