Association Between the INSR Gene rs1799817 Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iraqi Patients

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, hyperglycemia, and increased insulin production. The pathogenesis of T2DM and oxidative stress plays a significant role in disease progression. The insulin receptor (INSR) gene, located on chromosome 19, is crucial for insulin signal transduction, and mutations in this gene can contribute to insulin resistance. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 50 unrelated T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls from Al-Fayhaa Teaching Hospital in Basrah, Iraq. Demographic and clinical data were collected from all participants, including age, family history, weight, height, and BMI. The INSR gene polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Results: The study revealed a significant association between the INSR gene rs1799817 polymorphism and T2DM susceptibility, with strong statistical significance (P-value = 0.0001). The C allele was significantly more frequent in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls. The statistical analysis showed no significant effect of age and sex on T2DM susceptibility, suggesting that genetic factors may play a more substantial role in the development of the disease.Conclusion: our findings in this case-control hypothesis indicate a highly statistically significant association between the INSR gene polymorphism and T2DM, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Further research is needed to explore the functional implications of these polymorphisms and their interaction with environmental factors. The findings suggest that enhancing INSR function could be accredited as a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM management.