Assessment of H-FABP level as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Impact on Patients with poor Glycemic Control

H-FABP (Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein) is a protein released from cardiac cells into the bloodstream following myocardial (heart) injury, making it a sensitive biomarker for the early detection of acute myocardial infarction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with many patients developing subclinical cardiac and vascular damage before the onset of overt cardiovascular disease (CVD). People with uncontrolled T2DM are also more prone to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and being overweight, which further elevate their cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the association between serum H-FABP level and conventional cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in T2DM without overt CVD. This study was conducted on 60 T2DM patients divided into 30 patients have HbA1c >8% and 30 patients have HbA1c < 8%. 30 apparently healthy as controls. Serum H-FABP levels were measured using ELISA technique while fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile were measured by spectrophotometer. H-FABP levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls. Dyslipidemia was observed in this study. Poor glycemic control patients have high level of H-FABP than controlled patients. ROC analysis confirmed H-FABP diagnostic value for T2DM (AUC = 0.62, p =0.48). Conclusion: It is possible to avoid and reduce the complications of diabetes by measuring cardiac protein and lipid profile, as they are related to cardiovascular diseases.