Comparative Molecular Identification of Salmonella enterica from Poultry Samples Using Novel Genetic Markers

Background: Salmonella enterica remains one of the most important zoonotic pathogens causing foodborne infections worldwide, particularly in poultry.Objectives: This study aimed to detect and characterize Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry samples using cultural, biochemical, molecular, and immunological methods. Methodology: Two hundred poultry samples were examined. Bacterial isolates were identified by conventional and automated methods (VITEK 2), followed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA, Hd, and B-scDNAp genes. Results: Out of 200 cloacal and blood samples, 20 (10%) were confirmed as S. enterica. The genes 16S rRNA, Hd, and B-scDNAp were detected in 100%, 80%, and 90% of isolates respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA revealed close similarity to regional and global strains. ELISA showed higher analytical sensitivity for IL-22 compared with IFN-γ.Conclusion: The combined molecular and immunological findings highlight the zoonotic potential of poultry-derived salmonella enterica and the importance of molecular surveillance under the One-Health framework