Study Of Thyroid Function in Male Infertility in Aswan

Introduction: Hyperthyroidism increases sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), raising total testosterone but lowering free testosterone. Conversely, hypothyroidism reduces SHBG, decreasing total testosterone with normal or slightly reduced free testosterone. Objectives: To explore the relationship between thyroid function and male infertility in Aswan, considering environmental and genetic factors. The study assessed thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4), semen parameters (sperm count, motility, morphology), and fertility-related hormones (FSH, LH, prolactin, total and free testosterone, estradiol). It also aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among infertile men. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on 60 males (30 infertile, 30 fertile), aged 20–50, attending Aswan University Hospital’s Endocrinology Clinics from October 2024 to March 2025. Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between fertile and infertile men in clinical and lifestyle factors. Strong positive correlations were observed between TSH, free testosterone, and prolactin, as well as between free T4, free testosterone, and prolactin. Conclusion: Male infertility is significantly associated with clinical, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. Early detection and management of thyroid dysfunction and related hormonal imbalances may improve fertility outcomes and support personalized treatment strategies.