Analysis of propranolol and its metabolites in postmortem human solid tissues and body fluids: LC–MS/MS approach with the standard addition method applied to a forensic case

A validated LC-MS/MS method for determining propranolol and its metabolites in forensic samples was established, and it could also be applied to the authentic human samples obtained from a propranolol poisoning case. The findings could offer substantial and reliable support for investigating propranolol-related fatalities and contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the metabolism of propranolol in the human body.