Enhancing Public Health Strategies: Addressing the RSV Burden in Alabama Through Clinical Treatment, Community Prevention, and Surveillance Approaches

Introduction: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a highly contagious pathogen driving morbidity, hospitalizations, and economic burden. This review uses the epidemiological triad and National Wastewater Surveillance System data to assess transmission, viral load spikes in Alabama, and strategies for treatment and prevention. Methods: A review of literature on supportive care, vaccination, monoclonal antibodies, and emerging nanomedicine was reviewed to evaluate strategies for reducing viral burden and complications. Results: Trends from December 2024–January 2025 were assessed with National Wastewater Surveillance System data. Primary prevention includes immunization, hygiene, air quality maintenance, and early diagnostics. Tertiary care addresses complications such as secondary infections. Effective surveillance, and nurse-led education are critical to reducing transmission and improving outcomes. Discussion: RSV poses a major health burden, with seasonal surges heightening risks for vulnerable groups. Integrating surveillance and targeted prevention strategies is essential to reduce morbidity and hospitalizations.