Presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on market garden sites in Bobo-Dioulasso from One Health perspectives

The increasing presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in urban agriculture poses a significant public health risk. This study investigated the prevalence and virulence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in market garden environments in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. A total of 135 environmental samples (lettuce, irrigation water, and organic manure) were analyzed for MRSA presence using microbiological isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and molecular characterization. Among 55 Staphylococcus isolates, 16 (32.7%) were confirmed as MRSA, with PVL detected in 18.4% and TSST-1 in 6.1%. High resistance rates to oxacillin (96.4%) and fusidic acid (69.1%) highlight the need for targeted antimicrobial stewardship. Statistical analyses were conducted using R (version 2.10.0), applying Chi-square, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression tests to assess variations in antibiotic resistance and predictive factors in environmental samples, with significance set at p<0.05. These findings underscore the necessity for enhanced microbial surveillance, improved hygiene protocols, and policy interventions to mitigate foodborne risks associated with urban agriculture.