Making plastinated specimens more accessible: a hybrid method to create high-quality digital 3D models

Plastinated specimens have long been used in anatomical education due to their durability, easiness to handle and ability to provide hands-on experience with real anatomical structures. However, the need for greater accessibility and engagement in anatomy education has led to the exploration of digitization techniques. This paper presents a hybrid method for creating high-quality 3D digital models from plastinated specimens, combining 3D surface scanning with photogrammetry to achieve both detailed geometry and realistic textures. The process involves scanning plastinated specimens to capture geometric data, followed by texture mapping from high-resolution images. The digital models are then annotated and ready to use in educational settings, offering an interactive, online experience. These models can be accessed through a custom online viewer, allowing users to rotate, and zoom the models while identifying anatomical structures. This approach not only enhances spatial anatomical knowledge but also reduces the reliance on cadavers and laboratory animals in education, in line with ethical guidelines. The method’s flexibility provides an accessible, scalable solution for institutions aiming to improve anatomy education without using laboratory animals.