Climate change and the mental health of older adults in India: a geropsychological perspective on risk, resilience, and policy gaps

Background: Climate change is emerging as a major public health threat with significant mental health consequences. Older adults in India, due to physical frailty, cognitive decline, and limited social protection, are uniquely vulnerable to these climate stressors. Despite their heightened susceptibility, the intersection of climate change and geriatric mental health remains underexplored in India. Methods: This review synthesizes existing national and international literature on the mental health impacts of climate change among older adults, particularly in the Indian context. Databases searched include PubMed, Scopus, and Indian Journals Online. Grey literature and policy documents were also reviewed. Results: Evidence indicates that older adults are disproportionately affected by heatwaves, floods, droughts, and climate-induced displacement. Key psychiatric outcomes include depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide. Challenges include limited access to care, infrastructural inadequacies, and the breakdown of familial support. Protective factors include community engagement, intergenerational support, and culturally sensitive mental health interventions. Conclusion: There is a pressing need for India to incorporate geriatric mental health into its climate adaptation and mental health strategies. Future research must focus on building climate-resilient mental health systems with a geropsychological lens.