Cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned system: Development status and key technologies

Due to the limitations of single unmanned equipment in meeting increasingly complex task requirements, the collaborative application of cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned platforms has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of unmanned systems. This paper first conducts a bibliometric analysis of the research field of cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned systems, revealing research progress from multiple perspectives. It then introduces representative global projects and applications. Subsequently, the development status of cross-domain heterogeneous collaboration technologies is reviewed from four main aspects: surface-underwater collaboration, aerial-surface collaboration, aerial-ground collaboration, and multi-domain combined collaboration. On this basis, the key technologies involved in cross-domain heterogeneous collaboration are discussed, including cross-domain communication technology, cross-domain heterogeneous task allocation, intelligent environmental perception, manned/unmanned system cooperation, integration with command systems, and security and privacy protection. This study aims to provide a reference for researchers engaged in the field of cross-domain heterogeneous unmanned systems.