Prevalence and experiences of exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is vital for infant health, yet working mothers often struggle to maintain it. In Uganda, particularly at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), evidence on EBF prevalence and the experiences of employed mothers remains limited. This study examined the prevalence of EBF and explored the experiences of working mothers seeking care at MRRH. A cross-sectional mixed-methods design was used. Quantitatively, 221 working mothers with infants aged six months and below completed structured questionnaires. Qualitatively, 10 purposively selected mothers participated in in-depth interviews to provide detailed insights into their EBF experiences. Descriptive statistics summarized quantitative data, while thematic analysis identified patterns within qualitative narratives. EBF prevalence was 68.3%. Four themes emerged: Diverse breastfeeding practices, variable knowledge of EBF, and supportive factors and challenges/barriers to EBF. Mothers described adapting feeding schedules and responding to infant cues to sustain EBF. Knowledge varied, with some emphasizing nutritional and bonding benefits. Support from family members and proximity to the infant facilitated EBF, while work demands, short maternity leave, and inadequate breastfeeding-friendly facilities were major challenges. EBF among working mothers remains sub-optimal. Strengthened workplace policies and broader support systems are essential to enhance EBF continuity among employed women.