A rare case of Clostridium paraputrificum bloodstream infection in a patient with intestinal necrosis: case report and literature review

Bloodstream infections caused by anaerobic bacteria present a serious threat to patients. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment and patient prognosis. Herein, we report a rare case of <i>Clostridium paraputrificum</i> bacteremia in an 82-year-old woman who developed an infection after undergoing necrotic small bowel resection. The patient was treated with 5-day anti-infective therapy with meropenem and linezolid, successfully controlling the disease. We also constructed a phylogenetic tree with other similar bacteria using gene sequencing and showed the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of <i>C. paraputrificum</i>. Additionally, the clinical features and antibiotic treatment of this case were reviewed and discussed in the existing literature. This case and review illustrate the insidious nature of <i>C. paraputrificum</i> infections, emphasizing the need for greater clinician awareness and improved diagnostic and treatment strategies.