Association of circadian syndrome with the risk of physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidities: a prospective cohort study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

CircS is a significant, integrative risk factor that precedes the onset of complex multimorbidity, particularly patterns involving cognitive and psychological decline. The co-occurrence of metabolic, sleep, and mood dysregulation appears to synergistically accelerate disease clustering. Our findings identify CircS as a critical target for early risk stratification and suggest that prevention strategies should promote circadian health.