Barriers and enablers to sustainable anaesthetic practice: a mixed-methods study

This study provides new insights into behavioural influences underlying anaesthetic practice, which can inform the design of interventions to improve the sustainability of anaesthesia, without compromising patient safety and comfort. Addressing systemic and behavioural barriers through dedicated local anaesthesia operating lists, improved patient communication, targeted training, and supportive technologies may enhance efficiency while promoting safe, sustainable, patient-centred practice. Future interventions should be co-designed with surgeons, anaesthetists, and patients to ensure clinical acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability.